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Regulation of electronic cigarettes vary from across countries and states with no regulation to others banning them entirely. , around two thirds of major nations have regulated e-cigarettes in some way. Because of the potential relationship with tobacco laws and medical drug policies, e-cigarette legislation is being debated in many countries.〔 In respect to making regulatory decisions, regulators are currently evaluating the research on e-cigarettes. The legal status of e-cigarettes is currently pending in many countries.〔 Some countries such as Brazil, Singapore, the Seychelles, and Uruguay have banned e-cigarettes. In Canada, they are technically illegal to sell, as no nicotine-containing e-fluid is approved by Health Canada, but this is generally unenforced and they are commonly available for sale Canada-wide.〔 In the United Kingdom, the use and sale of e-cigarettes are legal.〔 In the US, the use and sale of e-cigarettes are legal. In February 2014 the European Parliament passed regulations requiring standardization and quality control for liquids and vaporizers, disclosure of ingredients in liquids, and child-proofing and tamper-proofing for liquid packaging.〔 In April 2014 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published proposed regulations for e-cigarettes along similar lines.〔 In the US, as of 2014 some states tax e-cigarettes as tobacco products, and some state and regional governments have broadened their indoor smoking bans to include e-cigarettes.〔 As of July 2014, with an absence of federal regulations in the US, 44 states have adopted or are planning to implement their own e-cigarette regulations, including banning the sale to minors and banning the use in indoor public places. As of December 2014, e-cigarettes are legal for minors to buy in ten states in the U.S. E-cigarettes have been listed as drug delivery devices in several countries because they contain nicotine, and their advertising has been restricted until safety and efficacy clinical trials are conclusive. Since they do not contain tobacco, television advertising in the US is not restricted. Some countries have regulated e-cigarettes as a medical product even though they have not approved them as a smoking cessation aid. electronic cigarettes had not been approved as a smoking cessation device by any government. A 2014 review stated the emerging phenomenon of e-cigarettes has raised concerns in the health community, governments, and the general public, and they recommended that e-cigarettes should be regulated. A 2014 review said these products should be considered for regulation in view of the "reported adverse health effects".〔 ==Europe== On 19 December 2012 the European Commission adopted its proposal to revise the European Union Tobacco Products Directive 2001/37/EC which included proposals to introduce restrictions on the use and sales of e-cigarettes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Revision of the Tobacco Products Directive )〕 On 8 October 2013 the European Parliament in Strasbourg voted down the Commission's proposal to introduce medical regulation for electronic cigarettes, but proposed that cross-border marketing of e-cigarettes be regulated similarly to tobacco products, meaning that sales of e-cigarettes to under-18s would be prohibited in the European Union, along with most cross-border advertising. Warning labels also would be required. The Parliament and Member States are involved in trilogue discussions to reach a common conclusion. In February 2014, the European Parliament approved new regulations for tobacco products, including e-cigarettes. The new regulations forbid advertising of e-cigarettes, set limits on maximum concentrations of nicotine in liquids, limit maximum volumes of liquid that can be sold, require child-proof and tamper-proof packaging of liquid, set requirements on purity of ingredients, require that the devices deliver consistent doses of vapor, require disclose of ingredients and nicotine content, and empower regulators to act if the regulations are violated.〔European Commission. 26 February 2014 (Memo/14/134: Questions & Answers: New rules for tobacco products )〕〔Eliza Gray for Time Magazine. Feb. 27, 2014 (Europe Sets New Rules for E-Cigs While the U.S. Drags Its Feet )〕 In October 2014 e-cigarette manufacturer Totally Wicked won the right to challenge the directive at the Court of Justice of the EU. The hearing took place on 1 October 2015 and the results will not be announced until early 2016. In autumn 2013, the e-cigarette industry ran "a determined lobbying campaign" to defeat proposed European legislation to regulate e-cigarettes like medical devices. Pharmaceutical manufacturers GlaxoSmithKline and Johnson & Johnson have lobbied the US government, the FDA, and the EU parliament for stricter regulation of e-cigarettes which compete with their products Nicorette gum and nicotine patches. * In Austria nicotine-containing cartridges are classified as medicinal products and e-cigarettes for nicotine inhalation as medical devices. * In Bulgaria, the sale and use of electronic cigarettes are legal, as well as the sale of cartridges and liquids with nicotine. There are no specific regulations from EU. * In the Czech Republic, the use and advertising of electronic cigarettes are legal.〔 Sale of e-cigarettes is regulated in the same way as sale of conventional cigarettes – as such, e-cigarettes cannot be sold to minors and can be sold only at places permitted to sell conventional cigarettes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Zákon o opatřeních k ochraně před škodami působenými tabákovými výrobky, alkoholem a jinými návykovými látkami )〕 Online sale with mail delivery is de facto illegal due to the impossibility for age verification,〔 however this rule is not enforced and there are plenty of e-shops. * In Denmark, the Danish Medicines Agency classifies electronic cigarettes containing nicotine as medicinal products. Thus, authorization is required before the product may be marketed and sold, and no such authorization has currently been given. The agency has clarified, however, that electronic cigarettes that do not administer nicotine to the user, and are not otherwise used for the prevention or treatment of disease, are not considered medicinal devices. * In Estonia, the Estonian State Agency of Medicines had previously banned e-cigarettes, but the ban was overturned in court on 7 March 2013. Currently e-liquids containing more than 0.7 mg/ml of nicotine are still considered medicine and as such cannot be legally purchased within the country due to no manufacturer being licensed properly. Following the outcome of EU tobacco directive in October 2013, the legislation is moving towards a more relaxed stance on the issue. As stated by the Estonian minister of social affairs Taavi Rõivas (in charge of tobacco regulation), e-cigarettes will receive an advertisement ban and will clearly be banned for minors but will be available for adults before the end of 2013. * In Finland, the National Supervisory Authority of Welfare and Health (Valvira) declared that the new tobacco marketing ban (effective 1 January 2012) would also cover electronic cigarettes,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tupakan esilläpitokielto voimaan – Sähkötupakan mainonta lainvastaista )〕 resulting in that Finnish stores or web stores can't advertise e-cigarettes because they might look like regular cigarettes. In theory, e-cigarettes with nicotine-free cartridges may still be sold, as long as their images and prices are not visible. Ordering from abroad remains allowed. Sale of nicotine cartridges is currently prohibited, as nicotine is considered a prescription drug requiring an authorization that such cartridges do not yet have. However, the Finnish authorities have decided that nicotine cartridges containing less than 10 mg nicotine, and e-liquid containing less than 0.42 g nicotine per bottle, may be legally brought in from other countries for private use. If the nicotine content is higher, a prescription from a Finnish physician is required. From a country within the European Economic Area a maximum of one year's supply may be brought in for private use when returning to Finland, while three months' supply may be brought in from outside the EEA. Mail-order deliveries from EEA countries, for a maximum of three months' supply, are also allowed.〔(Helsingin Sanomat: "Sähkötupakan myynti kiellettiin Suomessa" ). Retrieved 6 March 2011〕〔(Press release ) Finnish Customs, 26 November 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2011〕 * In Germany, the sale and use of electronic cigarettes are legal. In Germany, e-cigarettes have no age-related restrictions for use of e-cigarettes.〔 E-cigarettes are either unregulated or are considered a medicinal or tobacco product by different German states and regions, which restrict their sale and use. * In Hungary, the sale and use of electronic cigarettes are legal. The sale of cartridges and liquids with nicotine is illegal. * In Ireland, the sale and use of electronic cigarettes are legal. * In Italy, by a Health Ministry decree (G.U. Serie Generale, n. 248, 23 October 2012) electronic cigarettes containing nicotine cannot be sold to individuals under 18 years of age.〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=26 June 2013 )〕 * In Latvia, e-cigarettes are legal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=E-Cigarette Committee- Where is it legal? )〕 * In Lithuania, e-cigarettes are legal.〔 * In the Netherlands, use and sale of electronic cigarettes is allowed, advertising is restricted.〔 * In Norway the sale and use of electronic cigarettes are legal,〔 but nicotine cartridges can only be imported from other EEA member states (e.g. the UK) for private use. * In Poland, the sale and use of electronic cigarettes are legal.〔 * In Portugal, with nicotine it is restricted, without nicotine it is not regulated.〔 * In Romania, the sale and use of electronic cigarettes are legal,form 2016 the liquid used in electronic cigarettes will have a excise duty 〔(【引用サイトリンク】GUVERNUL INTRODUCE DIN 2016 ACCIZA PE TIGARILE ELECTRONICE ! )〕 * In Switzerland, the sale of nicotine-free electronic cigarettes is legal. The use and importation of electronic cigarettes containing nicotine is legal, but they cannot be sold within the country.〔(La cigarette électronique débarque à Genève | Tribune de Genève ). Tdg.ch. Retrieved 27 April 2011.〕 As of December 2011, the tobacco tax does not apply to e-cigarettes and respective liquids containing nicotine. * In Turkey electronic cigarettes are legal and there are plenty of online shops: however law 4207, which regulates smoking, was amended in 2013 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü )〕 to also apply to items which do not contain tobacco but which imitate any kind of cigarette or hookah. Vaping is thus forbidden indoors and on public transport, and also therefore forbidden for people under 18 years old. Specifically vaping is forbidden on high-speed trains.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=YHT )〕 * In the United Kingdom, the use, sale and advertising of e-cigarettes are legal and e-cigarettes are not covered by laws restricting smoking in public places.〔 However, businesses may choose to ban e-cigarettes as well. A notable example is Transport for London, banning smoking and vaping as their Conditions of Carriage. In 2014 the government announced legislation would be brought forward to outlaw the purchase of e-cigarettes by people under the age of 18. In October 2014 the UK's Advertising Standards Authority changed the regulations on e-cigarette advertising, allowing the devices to appear in TV ads from 10 November. The first advert to take advantage of the change, promoting KiK Electronic Cigarettes, aired on the day it came into force. * * In June 2015 the Welsh Government announced that under legislation it planned to pass, in Wales electronic cigarettes would be included in existing bans on smoking in workplaces and other public spaces. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Regulation of electronic cigarettes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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